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Zerosquare (./10809) :on attend les m^mes poursuites pour appleLindt poursuivi aux Etats-Unis pour travail d'enfantsrts.chLindt & Sprüngli devra s'expliquer devant la justice américaine. Le chocolatier zurichois est accusé d'avoir présenté de manière trompeuse ses efforts pour lutter contre le travail des enfants dans sa chaîne d'approvisionnement en cacao au Ghana et en Côte d'Ivoire, selon Bloomberg.
Antoine Flahault — Wikipédiafr.wikipedia.org
Antoine Flahault, né le 22 septembre 1960 à Cholet, dans le Maine-et-Loire, est un médecin épidémiologiste français, professeur de santé publique à l'université de Genève et directeur de l'Institut de santé globale à la faculté de médecine de l'université de Genève.
Cheese consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (highest compared with lowest category: RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98), stroke (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97), type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), total fracture (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), and dementia (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99). Null associations were found for other outcomes. According to the NutriGrade scoring system, moderate quality of evidence was observed for inverse associations of cheese consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, incident CVD, CHD, and stroke, and for null associations with cancer mortality, incident hypertension, and prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that cheese consumption has neutral to moderate benefits for human health.
Updated meta-analyses showed that total dairy (RR: 0.96), milk (RR: 0.97), and yogurt (RR: 0.92) were significantly associated with reduced CVD risk. Total dairy and low-fat dairy were inversely linked to hypertension (RRs: 0.89, 0.87), and milk and low-fat dairy were associated with reduced stroke risk. Small-study effects were absent for most associations. Credibility was rated as “weak” for most associations, with total dairy and stroke, and total dairy and hypertension showing "suggestive" evidence. For bone health, dairy—especially milk—was linked to higher bone mineral density (BMD). Evidence on osteoporosis risk was mixed, and while total dairy and milk showed inconsistent associations with fractures, cheese and yogurt showed more consistent protective effects. Limited evidence suggested milk may reduce bone resorption markers.Mais ils sont quand même plus prudents sur les conclusions car on manque d'étude contrôlée pour prouver la causalité en plus de la corrélation.
Several meta-analyses have investigated the relationship between dairy consumption and various cardiovascular outcomes, yet the findings were inconsistent [24,25,26,27,28]. Some studies, like Chen et al. (2022), found total dairy intake was linked to lower risks of hypertension, CHD, and stroke, though results varied by dairy type [24]. Others, such as Jakobsen et al. (2021) [25] and Naghshi et al. (2022) [26], reported mixed effects depending on the type and fat content of dairy. While some showed protective associations for cheese or total dairy [25], others noted increased risks with high-fat milk [26]. Similarly, Mazidi et al. (2019) found inverse associations for total dairy and cheese intake with all-cause and cerebrovascular mortality but also reported increased CHD mortality with milk consumption [27]. In contrast, Bechthold et al. (2019) found no significant associations between dairy intake and CHD or stroke risk [28]. These varied and sometimes contradictory results highlight the importance of an umbrella review that systematically synthesizes existing evidence and updates it with newly available data.
